{"id":1330,"date":"2023-03-18T13:01:24","date_gmt":"2023-03-18T05:01:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/?p=1330"},"modified":"2023-04-29T09:10:07","modified_gmt":"2023-04-29T01:10:07","slug":"linux-file-operations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/2023\/03\/18\/linux-file-operations\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff081\uff09\/ \u2013 \u6839\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- more --><\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<br \/>\n\u53ea\u6709root\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\/root\u662froot\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\/.\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff082\uff09\/bin \u2013 \u7528\u6237\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5305\u542b\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e38\u89c1Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u8bbe\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aps\u3001ls\u3001ping\u3001grep\u3001cp<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff083\uff09\/sbin \u2013 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\/bin\uff0c\/sbin\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684linux\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aiptables\u3001reboot\u3001fdisk\u3001ifconfig\u3001swapon\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff084\uff09\/etc \u2013 \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u542f\u52a8\/\u505c\u6b62\u5355\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u5173\u95edshell\u811a\u672c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\/etc\/profile<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff085\uff09\/dev \u2013 \u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5305\u542b\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5305\u62ec\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u3001USB\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\/dev\/tty1\u3001\/dev\/usbmon0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff086\uff09\/proc \u2013 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5173\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\/proc\/{pid}\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9apid\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\/proc\/uptime<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff087\uff09\/var \u2013 \u53d8\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>var\u4ee3\u8868\u53d8\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec \u2013 \u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\/var\/log\uff09;\u5305\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\/var\/lib\uff09;\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\uff08\/var\/mail\uff09;\u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217\uff08\/var\/spool\uff09;\u9501\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\/var\/lock\uff09;\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\/var\/tmp\uff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff088\uff09\/tmp \u2013 \u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff089\uff09\/usr \u2013 \u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5305\u542b\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6587\u6863\u548c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<br \/>\n\/usr\/bin\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\/bin\u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7528\u6237\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5230\/usr\/bin\u76ee\u5f55\u770b\u770b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aat\u3001awk\u3001cc\u3001less\u3001scp\u3002<br \/>\n\/usr\/sbin\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\/sbin\u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5230\/usr\/sbin\u76ee\u5f55\u770b\u770b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aatd\u3001cron\u3001sshd\u3001useradd\u3001userdel\u3002<br \/>\n\/usr\/lib\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\/usr\/bin\u548c\/usr\/sbin\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5e93\u3002<br \/>\n\/usr\/local\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ece\u6e90\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u4ece\u6e90\u5b89\u88c5Apache\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\/usr\/local\/apache2\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff0810\uff09\/home \u2013 HOME\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7528home\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6863\u6848\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\/home\/john\u3001\/home\/nikita<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff0811\uff09\/boot \u2013 \u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5305\u542b\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n\u5185\u6838\u7684initrd\u3001vmlinux\u3001grub\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8e\/boot\u4e0b\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1ainitrd.img-2.6.32-24-generic\u3001vmlinuz-2.6.32-24-generic<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff0812\uff09\/lib \u2013 \u7cfb\u7edf\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5305\u542b\u652f\u6301\u4f4d\u4e8e\/bin\u548c\/sbin\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6.<br \/>\n\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a ld<em>\u6216lib<\/em>.so.*<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff1ald-2.11.1.so\uff0clibncurses.so.5.7<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff0813\uff09\/opt \u2013 \u53ef\u9009\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>opt\u4ee3\u8868\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u5305\u542b\u4ece\u4e2a\u522b\u5382\u5546\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<br \/>\n\u9644\u52a0\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\/opt\/\u6216\u8005\/opt\/\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff0814\uff09\/mnt \u2013 \u6302\u8f7d\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e34\u65f6\u5b89\u88c5\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff0815\uff09\/media \u2013 \u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u5a92\u4f53\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7528\u4e8e\u6302\u8f7d\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6302\u8f7dCD-ROM\u7684\/media\/cdrom\uff0c\u6302\u8f7d\u8f6f\u76d8\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u7684\/media\/floppy;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uff0816\uff09\/srv \u2013 \u670d\u52a1\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>srv\u4ee3\u8868\u670d\u52a1\u3002<br \/>\n\u5305\u542b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\/srv\/cvs\u5305\u542bcvs\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.yezhou.me\/AppBlog\/images\/\u8fd0\u7ef4\/Linux\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784.png\" alt=\"Linux\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>ls\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6e05\u5355<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1als [\u9009\u9879] [\u76ee\u5f55\u540d]<br \/>\n<strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">$ ls  \/\/\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\n$ ls -a  \/\/\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\n$ ls -l  \/\/\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\n$ ll  \/\/ls -l\u7684\u522b\u540d\n$ ls -al ~\/\u4e0b\u8f7d  \/\/\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\n$ ls -lh  \/\/\u4ee5\u6613\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\n$ ls -R  \/\/\u9012\u5f52\u5217\u51fa\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u80fd\u5217\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u957f\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\n$ ls -lt  \/\/\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u5012\u5e8f\u5217\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u6765\u663e\u793a\n$ ls -lS  \/\/\u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\n$ ls -n \/home  \/\/\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684UID\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1auserid\uff0c\u7528\u6237ID\uff09\u548cGID\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1agroupid\uff0c\u7ec4ID\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u663e\u793a\u5f69\u8272\u76ee\u5f55\u5217\u8868<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6253\u5f00\/etc\/bashrc, \u52a0\u5165\u5982\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">alias ls=\u201dls \u2013color\u201d<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u542f\u52a8bash\u5373\u53ef\u663e\u793a\u5f69\u8272\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5217\u8868, \u5176\u4e2d\u989c\u8272\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u84dd\u8272\u2013&gt;\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\u7eff\u8272\u2013&gt;\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u7ea2\u8272\u2013&gt;\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u6d45\u84dd\u8272\u2013&gt;\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u7070\u8272\u2013&gt;\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>-a, \u2013all \u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5 . \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u9690\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\n-A, \u540c-a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5217\u51fa\u201c.\u201d(\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55)\u548c\u201c..\u201d(\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7236\u76ee\u5f55)\u3002\n-c, \u914d\u5408 -lt\uff1a\u6839\u636e ctime \u6392\u5e8f\u53ca\u663e\u793a ctime (\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u6700\u540e\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u95f4)\u914d\u5408 -l\uff1a\u663e\u793a ctime \u4f46\u6839\u636e\u540d\u79f0\u6392\u5e8f\u5426\u5219\uff1a\u6839\u636e ctime \u6392\u5e8f\n-C, \u6bcf\u680f\u7531\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b\u5217\u51fa\u9879\u76ee\n\u2013color[=WHEN] \u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u8272\u5f69\u5206\u8fa8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002WHEN \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u2019never\u2019\u3001\u2019always\u2019\u6216\u2019auto\u2019\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\n-d, \u2013directory \u5c06\u76ee\u5f55\u8c61\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u793a\u5176\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-D, \u2013dired \u4ea7\u751f\u9002\u5408 Emacs \u7684 dired \u6a21\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n-f, \u5bf9\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c-aU \u9009\u9879\u751f\u6548\uff0c-lst \u9009\u9879\u5931\u6548\n-g, \u7c7b\u4f3c -l,\u4f46\u4e0d\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8005\n-G, \u2013no-group \u4e0d\u5217\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u5173\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\n-h, \u2013human-readable \u4ee5\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f (\u4f8b\u5982 1K 234M 2G)\n\u2013si, \u7c7b\u4f3c -h,\u4f46\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u53d6 1000 \u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u800c\u4e0d\u662f 1024\n-H, \u2013dereference-command-line \u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6307\u793a\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u76ee\u7684\u5730\n\u2013indicator-style=\u65b9\u5f0f \u6307\u5b9a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u52a0\u4e0a\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u53f7&lt;\u65b9\u5f0f&gt;\uff1anone (\u9ed8\u8ba4)\uff0cclassify (-F)\uff0cfile-type (-p)\n-i, \u2013inode \u5370\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 inode \u53f7\n-I, \u2013ignore=\u6837\u5f0f \u4e0d\u5370\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7b26\u5408 shell \u4e07\u7528\u5b57\u7b26&lt;\u6837\u5f0f&gt;\u7684\u9879\u76ee\n-k, \u5373 \u2013block-size=1K,\u4ee5 k \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\n-l, \u9664\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u51fa\u6765\u3002\n-L, \u2013dereference \u5f53\u663e\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6240\u6307\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\n-m, \u6240\u6709\u9879\u76ee\u4ee5\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u586b\u6ee1\u6574\u884c\u884c\u5bbd\n-o, \u7c7b\u4f3c -l,\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9664\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u5916\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n-r, \u2013reverse \u4f9d\u76f8\u53cd\u6b21\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\n-R, \u2013recursive \u540c\u65f6\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5c42\n-s, \u2013size \u4ee5\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\n-S, \u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f\n\u2013sort=WORD \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7528\u7684 WORD \u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u9009\u9879\uff1a\n    extension -X status -c\n    none -U time -t\n    size -S atime -u\n    time -t access -u\n    version -v use -u\n-t, \u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f\n-u, \u914d\u5408 -lt:\u663e\u793a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u4e14\u4f9d\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f\n\u914d\u5408 -l:\u663e\u793a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u540d\u79f0\u6392\u5e8f\n\u5426\u5219\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f\n-U, \u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f;\u4f9d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u5217\u51fa\u9879\u76ee\n-v, \u6839\u636e\u7248\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n-w, \u2013width=COLS \u81ea\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u800c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6570\u503c\n-x, \u9010\u884c\u5217\u51fa\u9879\u76ee\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9010\u680f\u5217\u51fa\n-X, \u6839\u636e\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u6392\u5e8f\n-1, \u6bcf\u884c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\n\u2013help \u663e\u793a\u6b64\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u79bb\u5f00\n\u2013version \u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u79bb\u5f00<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>cd\uff1a\u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1acd [\u76ee\u5f55\u540d]<br \/>\n<strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5207\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u81f3\u65b0\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">$ cd \/  \/\/\u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\n$ cd \/home\/yezhou\/\u684c\u9762  \/\/\u8fdb\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\n$ pwd  \/\/\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\n$ cd ..  \/\/\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\n$ cd  \/\/\u8fdb\u5165\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\n$ cd ~\n$ cd -  \/\/\u8fd4\u56de\u8fdb\u5165\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>mkdir\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1amkdir [\u9009\u9879] \u76ee\u5f55\u2026<br \/>\n<strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u521b\u5efa\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u547d\u540d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">$ mkdir test  \/\/\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55 \n$ mkdir -p test1\/test11  \/\/\u9012\u5f52\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\n$ mkdir -m 777 test2  \/\/\u521b\u5efa\u6743\u9650\u4e3a777\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\n$ mkdir -v test3  \/\/\u663e\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\n$ mkdir -vp tree\/{lib\/,bin\/,doc\/{info,product},logs\/{info,product},service\/deploy\/{info,product}}  \/\/\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u6811<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>-m, \u2013mode=\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6743\u9650&lt;\u6a21\u5f0f&gt; (\u7c7b\u4f3c chmod)\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f rwxrwxrwx \u51cf umask\n-p, \u2013parents \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u82e5\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55;\n-v, \u2013verbose \u6bcf\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u663e\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\n\u2013help \u663e\u793a\u6b64\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\n\u2013version \u8f93\u51fa\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u9000\u51fa<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>cp\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u76ee\u5f55<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1acp [\u9009\u9879] \u6e90 \u76ee\u7684<br \/>\n<strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u81f3\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u81f3\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">$ cp a.txt x.txt  \/\/\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u547d\u540d\n$ cp -i a.txt x.txt  \/\/\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u662f\u5426\u8986\u76d6\n$ cp a.txt test  \/\/\u590d\u5236\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\n$ cp -r tree test  \/\/\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9879\u76ee\n$ cp *.txt test  \/\/\u590d\u5236\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u4e3atxt\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>-a \u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u6863\u6848\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7b49\u8d44\u6599\u90fd\u7167\u539f\u72b6\u4e88\u4ee5\u590d\u5236\n-r \u82e5 source \u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e4b\u6863\u6848\u9012\u5f52\u62f7\u8d1d\u81f3\u76ee\u7684\u5730\n-f \u82e5\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u6863\u540d\u7684\u6863\u6848\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u590d\u5236\u524d\u5148\u4e88\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u518d\u884c\u590d\u5236<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>mv\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1amv [\u9009\u9879] \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55 \u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\n<strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">$ mv a.txt a.html  \/\/\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u547d\u540d\n$ mv a.html test  \/\/\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\n$ mv log1.txt log2.txt log3.txt test1  \/\/\u79fb\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\n$ mv -t test2 log1.txt log2.txt log3.txt  \/\/\u79fb\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\n$ mv -i log1.txt log2.txt  \/\/\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u8be2\u95ee\u662f\u5426\u8986\u76d6\n$ mv -f log3.txt log2.txt  \/\/\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u5f3a\u5236\u8986\u76d6\n$ mv dir1 dir2  \/\/\u79fb\u52a8\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55dir2\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u76ee\u5f55dir1\u6539\u540d\u4e3adir2\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c06dir1\u79fb\u52a8\u5230dir2\u4e2d\u3002\n$ mv * ..\/  \/\/\u79fb\u52a8\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\n$ mv test\/*.txt test1  \/\/\u79fb\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709txt\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u65b0\u76ee\u5f55\n$ mv log1.txt -b log2.txt  \/\/\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u505a\u7b80\u5355\u5907\u4efd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>-b \uff1a\u82e5\u9700\u8986\u76d6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u5148\u884c\u5907\u4efd\u3002\n-f \uff1aforce \u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8be2\u95ee\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\n-i \uff1a\u82e5\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6 (destination) \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8be2\u95ee\u662f\u5426\u8986\u76d6\n-u \uff1a\u82e5\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e14 source \u6bd4\u8f83\u65b0\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0(update)\n-t \uff1a\u5373\u6307\u5b9amv\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u79fb\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u5728\u524d\uff0c\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u540e<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>-b \u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u53c2\u6570\uff0cmv\u4f1a\u53bb\u8bfb\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfVERSION_CONTROL\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\u3002\n\u2013backup\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u6307\u5b9a\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\n  1.CONTROL=none\u6216off\uff1a\u4e0d\u5907\u4efd\u3002\n  2.CONTROL=numbered\u6216t\uff1a\u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u5907\u4efd\n  3.CONTROL=existing\u6216nil\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u7f16\u53f7\u5907\u4efdm+1\u2026n\uff1a\n\u6267\u884cmv\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6log2.txt.~1~\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u5c06\u4ea7\u751flog2.txt~2~\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b21\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5907\u4efd\u3002\n  4.CONTROL=simple\u6216never\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u5907\u4efd\uff1a\u5728\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u5907\u4efd\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u65f6\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u5907\u4efd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>rm\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1arm [\u9009\u9879] \u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n<strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528-r\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5219rm\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 rm \u6765\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u6062\u590d\u539f\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">$ rm 1.txt  \/\/\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\n$ rm -i 1.txt  \/\/\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\n$ rm -f log1.log  \/\/\u5f3a\u884c\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8be2\u95ee\n$ rm -i *.log  \/\/\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709.log\u6587\u4ef6\n$ rm -r test  \/\/\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\n$ rm -rf test  \/\/\u5f3a\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8be2\u95ee<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>-f, \u2013force \u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0d\u7ed9\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u3002\n-i, \u2013interactive \u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\n-r, -R, \u2013recursive \u6307\u793arm\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5747\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5220\u9664\u3002\n-v, \u2013verbose \u8be6\u7ec6\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\n\u2013help \u663e\u793a\u6b64\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\n\u2013version \u8f93\u51fa\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u9000\u51fa<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>cat\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9(\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u6253\u5370)<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1acat [\u9009\u9879] [\u6587\u4ef6]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1.\u4e00\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6:cat filename<br \/>\n2.\u4ece\u952e\u76d8\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6:cat &gt; filename \u53ea\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6,\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f16\u8f91\u5df2\u6709\u6587\u4ef6.<br \/>\n3.\u5c06\u51e0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6:cat file1 file2 &gt; file<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">$ cat cat1.txt  \/\/\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\n$ cat -n cat1.txt  \/\/\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9(\u9644\u52a0\u884c\u53f7)\n$ cat -n cat1.txt cat2.txt  \/\/\u8fde\u63a5\u663e\u793acat1.txt\u548ccat2.txt\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7\n$ cat -b cat1.txt cat2.txt cat.txt  \/\/\u8fde\u63a5\u663e\u793acat1.txt\u548ccat2.txt\u52a0\u4e0a\u884c\u53f7\uff08\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\u4e0d\u52a0\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u5230cat.txt \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\n$ cat -n cat1.txt &gt; cat.txt  \/\/\u628acat1.txt \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u52a0\u4e0a\u884c\u53f7\u540e\u5199\u5165cat.txt \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\n$ cat &gt; temp.txt  \/\/cat\u5f55\u5165\uff0cCtrl+D\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>-A, \u2013show-all \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e -vET\n-b, \u2013number-nonblank \u5bf9\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\n-e, \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e -vE\n-E, \u2013show-ends \u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5904\u663e\u793a $\n-n, \u2013number \u5bf9\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u7f16\u53f7,\u75311\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7f16\u53f7\n-s, \u2013squeeze-blank \u6709\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee3\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\n-t, \u4e0e -vT \u7b49\u4ef7\n-T, \u2013show-tabs \u5c06\u8df3\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u663e\u793a\u4e3a ^I\n-u\uff0c (\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565)\n-v, \u2013show-nonprinting \u4f7f\u7528 ^ \u548c M- \u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 LFD \u548c TAB \u4e4b\u5916<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>file\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u8bc6\u522b<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1afile [\u9009\u9879] [\u6587\u4ef6]<br \/>\n<strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u8fa8\u522b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cfWindows\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">$ file temp.txt  \/\/\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\n$ file -b temp.txt  \/\/\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f16\u7801\n$ file -i temp.txt  \/\/\u8f93\u51famime\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n$ cat temp.txt\n\/home\/yezhou\/linux\/test\/a.html\nit is only one test file\n$ file -f temp.txt  \/\/\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>-b \u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u8fa8\u8bc6\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u3002\n-c \u8be6\u7ec6\u663e\u793a\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6392\u9519\u6216\u5206\u6790\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\n-f \u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\n-F \u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u201c\uff1a\u201d\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\n-i \u8f93\u51famime\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n-L \u67e5\u770b\u5bf9\u5e94\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\n-z \u5c1d\u8bd5\u53bb\u89e3\u8bfb\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\n\u2013help\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u7ebf\u5e2e\u52a9\n\u2013version\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>find\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1afind pathname -options [-print -exec -ok \u2026]<br \/>\n<strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6811\u79cd\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">$ find \/etc -name &#039;vimrc&#039;  \/\/\u5728\/etc\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627evimrc\n$ find .\/linux -name &#039;*.txt&#039;  \/\/\u67e5\u627elinux\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5.txt\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n$ find .\/linux -type f -name &#039;*.txt&#039;  \/\/\u6309\u7c7b\u578b\u67e5\u627e\n$ find -atime -2  \/\/\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff082\u5929\u5185\uff09\n$ find \/data\/www -perm 777  \/\/\u6309\u7167\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\n$ find .\/linux -type d | sort  \/\/\u67e5\u627elinux\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\n$ find .\/\u4e0b\u8f7d -size +10485760c  \/\/\u67e5\u627e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u4e8e10M\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>pathname\uff1afind\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7528.\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7528\/\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\n-print\uff1afind\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\n-exec\uff1afind\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u6240\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684shell\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\u2019command\u2019 { } \\;\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f{ }\u548c\\\uff1b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\n-ok\uff1a\u548c-exec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u6240\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684shell\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6267\u884c\u3002\n\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879\uff1a\n-name\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-perm\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-prune\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7ffind\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528-depth\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48-prune\u5c06\u88abfind\u547d\u4ee4\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\n-user\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-group\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-mtime -n +n\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c -n\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u8ddd\u73b0\u5728n\u5929\u4ee5\u5185\uff0c+n\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u8ddd\u73b0\u5728n\u5929\u4ee5\u524d\u3002find\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u6709-atime\u548c-ctime \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u548c-m time\u9009\u9879\u3002\n-nogroup\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u65e0\u6709\u6548\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4\u5728\/etc\/groups\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\n-nouser\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u65e0\u6709\u6548\u5c5e\u4e3b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\n-newer\uff1afile1 ! file2 \u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u6587\u4ef6file1\u65b0\u4f46\u6bd4\u6587\u4ef6file2\u65e7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-type\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\uff1a\n    b \u2013 \u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n    d \u2013 \u76ee\u5f55\u3002\n    c \u2013 \u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n    p \u2013 \u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n    l \u2013 \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n    f \u2013 \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-size n\uff1a[c] \u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3an\u5757\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e26\u6709c\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u957f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u8ba1\u3002-depth\uff1a\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u67e5\u627e\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5728\u5176\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u3002\n-fstype\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/fstab\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n-mount\uff1a\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4e0d\u8de8\u8d8a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edfmount\u70b9\u3002\n-follow\uff1a\u5982\u679cfind\u547d\u4ee4\u9047\u5230\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u8ddf\u8e2a\u81f3\u94fe\u63a5\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n-cpio\uff1a\u5bf9\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528cpio\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd\u5230\u78c1\u5e26\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u3002\n\u53e6\u5916,\u4e0b\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u7684\u533a\u522b:\n-amin n\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u540eN\u5206\u949f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n-atime n\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u540en*24\u5c0f\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n-cmin n\uff1a \u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u540eN\u5206\u949f\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n-ctime n\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u540en*24\u5c0f\u65f6\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n-mmin n\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u540eN\u5206\u949f\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n-mtime n\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u540en*24\u5c0f\u65f6\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>touch\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f<\/h2>\n<p>linux\u7684touch\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528make\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1atouch \uff3b\u9009\u9879\uff3d \u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n<strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1atouch\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u6863\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b58\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">$ touch 2014.log 2015.log  \/\/\u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n$ touch -r log.log 2015.log  \/\/\u66f4\u65b02015.log\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u548clog.log\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u76f8\u540c\n$ touch -t 201211112028.50 log.log  \/\/\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>-a \u6216\u2013time=atime\u6216\u2013time=access\u6216\u2013time=use\uff1a\u53ea\u66f4\u6539\u5b58\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\n-c \u6216\u2013no-create\uff1a\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u6863\u3002\n-d\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\n-f \uff1a\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u4e88\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u89e3\u51b3BSD\u7248\u672ctouch\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\n-m \u6216\u2013time=mtime\u6216\u2013time=modify \uff1a\u53ea\u66f4\u6539\u53d8\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\n-r \uff1a\u628a\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u6863\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7edf\u7edf\u8bbe\u6210\u548c\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u6863\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u540c\u3002\n-t \uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\n\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a-t time \u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u503c time \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8bb0\u7684\u65b0\u503c\uff0e\u6b64\u5904\u7684 time\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff1a\n\uff3b\uff3bCC\uff3dYY\uff3dMMDDhhmm\uff3b.SS\uff3d\n\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cCC\u4e3a\u5e74\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u201d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6570\u201d\uff1bYY\u4e3a\u5e74\u6570\u7684\u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\uff0c\u5373\u67d0\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u7684\u5e74\u6570\uff0e\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u51faCC\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219touch \u5c06\u628a\u5e74\u6570CCYY\u9650\u5b9a\u57281969\u20132068\u4e4b\u5185\uff0eMM\u4e3a\u6708\u6570\uff0cDD\u4e3a\u5929\u5c06\u628a\u5e74\u6570CCYY\u9650\u5b9a\u57281969\u20132068\u4e4b\u5185\uff0eMM\u4e3a\u6708\u6570\uff0cDD\u4e3a\u5929\u6570\uff0chh \u4e3a\u5c0f\u65f6\u6570\uff08\u51e0\u70b9\uff09\uff0cmm\u4e3a\u5206\u949f\u6570\uff0cSS\u4e3a\u79d2\u6570\uff0e\u6b64\u5904\u79d2\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u662f0\u201361\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u95f0\u79d2\uff0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfTZ\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6 \u95f4\uff0e\u7531\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u65e9\u4e8e1970\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784 \uff081\uff09\/ \u2013 \u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u3002 \u53ea\u6709root\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1330"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1330\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}