{"id":1689,"date":"2023-03-25T22:45:09","date_gmt":"2023-03-25T14:45:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/?p=1689"},"modified":"2023-04-23T21:46:22","modified_gmt":"2023-04-23T13:46:22","slug":"ethereum-learning-2-introduction-to-ethereum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/2023\/03\/25\/ethereum-learning-2-introduction-to-ethereum\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5b66\u4e602\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7b80\u4ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff08Ethereum\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5c5e\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u201c\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u201d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u6280\u672f\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u533a\u5757\u94fe 1.0\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5219\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u533a\u5757\u94fe 2.0\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!-- more --><\/p>\n<h2>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u548c\u672a\u6765\u89c4\u5212<\/h2>\n<p>2013\u5e74\u672b\uff0cVitalik Buterin \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\uff0cVitalik \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\uff08White Paper\uff09\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u534f\u8bae\u6280\u672f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c[\u8be6\u89c1\u9644\u4ef6\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u767d\u76ae\u4e66]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2014\u5e741\u6708\uff0cVitalik \u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u8fc8\u963f\u5bc6\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u5317\u7f8e\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0cVitalik \u5f00\u59cb\u548c Gavin Wood \u535a\u58eb\u5408\u4f5c\u5171\u540c\u521b\u5efa\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u30022014 \u5e74 4 \u6708\uff0c Gavin \u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u9ec4\u76ae\u4e66\uff08Yellow Paper\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff08Ethereum Virtual Machine\uff09\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8bf4\u660e[\u8be6\u89c1\u9644\u4ef6\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u9ec4\u76ae\u4e66]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2015\u5e745\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u8bd5\u8fd0\u884c\u7248\uff08pre-release step 0\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u53f7 Olympic testnet\uff0c\u8be5\u7248\u672c\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6298\u817e\uff0c\u6765\u66b4\u9732\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u53c2\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u6240\u5956\u52b1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2015\u5e747\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff08Release step 1.0\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u53f7 Frontier\u3002\u8be5\u7248\u672c\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u5411\u6280\u672f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7f16\u5199\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u548c\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u5e76\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5b9e\u65f6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u77ff\u5de5\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u5165\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7f51\u7edc\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fdd\u969c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5e76\u4ece\u6316\u77ff\u4e2d\u8d5a\u53d6\u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2016\u5e743\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff08Release step 2.0\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u53f7 Homestead\uff0c\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e\u533a\u5757 1,150,000\uff0c\u6b64\u7248\u672c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8be5\u7248\u672c \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 EIP-2\u3001EIP-7\u3001EIP-8\uff08EIP\uff1aEthereum Improvement Proposal\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u6539\u8fdb\u63d0\u8bae\uff09\u3002Homestead \u7248\u672c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u5386\u7ecf\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Release step 2.1: DAO Hard Fork<\/li>\n<li>Release step 2.2: Tangerine Whistle, aka Anti-DoS, EIP 150<\/li>\n<li>Release step 2.3: Spurious Dragon, aka State-clearing, EIP 158\/161<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2017\u5e7410\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff08Release Step 3.0\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u53f7 Metropolis phase 1: Byzantium\uff0c\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e\u533a\u5757 4,370,000\uff0c\u8be5\u7248\u672c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u591a\u9879\u9690\u79c1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u591a\u9879\u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1aEIP-140\u3001658\u3001196\u3001197\u3001198\u3001211\u3001214\u3001100\u3001649\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff08Release Step 3.1\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u53f7 Metropolis phase 2: Constantinople\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u5c06\u5728 2018 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff08Release Step 4.0\uff09\uff0c\u4ee3\u53f7 Serenity\uff0c\u6682\u672a\u516c\u5e03\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c \u8be5\u7248\u672c\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7531Proof-of-Work\uff08PoW\uff09 \u4fee\u6539\u4e3a Proof-of-Stake\uff08PoS\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n<h2>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7248\u672c<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u52a0\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728 github \u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5c06\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 go-ethereum \u662f\u91c7\u7528 go \u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5b98\u65b9\u63a8\u8350\u7684\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u4e3b\u6d41\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Java \u7248\u672c\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/ethereumj\">https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/ethereumj<\/a><\/li>\n<li>C++\u7248\u672c\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/cpp-ethereum\">https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/cpp-ethereum<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Go \u7248\u672c\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\">https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Python \u7248\u672c\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/pyethapp\">https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/pyethapp<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/wiki\/wiki\/Clients\">https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/wiki\/wiki\/Clients<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e0e\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u3001\u8d85\u7ea7\u8d26\u672c\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u76f8\u8f83\u4e0e\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u4ef7\u503c\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5b58\u8bc1\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u516c\u94fe\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u516c\u94fe\u3001\u8054\u76df\u94fe\uff08\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u6e90\u7801\uff09\u3001\u79c1\u94fe\u7686\u53ef\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u5728\u516c\u94fe\u4e0a\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5728\u516c\u94fe\u4e0a\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u91c7\u7528 UTXO\uff08Unspent Transaction Output\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d26\u6237\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u94b1\u5305\u4f59\u989d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5404\u6709\u5176\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e24\u8005\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528 PoW \u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u6682\u65e0\u8ba1\u5212\u66f4\u6539\u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u6539\u8fdb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u76f8\u8f83\u4e0e\u8d85\u7ea7\u8d26\u672c\uff1a<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5929\u7136\u652f\u6301\u4ef7\u503c\u8f6c\u79fb\u3001\u5b58\u8bc1\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u8d26\u672c\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u8f6c\u79fb\u3001\u5b58\u8bc1\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u9700\u8981\u4ee3\u5e01\uff08\u4ee5\u592a\u5e01\uff09\u7684\u652f\u6491\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u800c\u8d85\u7ea7\u8d26\u672c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u5e01\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4e0d\u751f\u4ea7\u4ee3\u5e01\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8d85\u7ea7\u8d26\u672c\u9762\u5411\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u7684\u8054\u76df\u94fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u516c\u94fe\u3001\u8054\u76df\u94fe\uff08\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u6e90\u7801\uff09\u3001\u79c1\u94fe\u7686\u53ef\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u5355\u94fe\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u8d26\u672c\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u6761\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0b\u6d3e\u751f\u591a\u6761\u5b50\u94fe\uff08\u8054\u76df\u94fe\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7f16\u5199\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u65b0\u5174\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u8d26\u672c\u76ee\u524d\u652f\u6301 Go\u3001Java \u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u6d41\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u91c7\u7528 PoW \u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u8d26\u672c\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u91c7\u7528 BFT \u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u63d2\u62d4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ethereum.org\/\">https:\/\/www.ethereum.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ethdocs.org\/en\/latest\/\">http:\/\/www.ethdocs.org\/en\/latest\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u5b98\u65b9 wiki\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/wiki\/wiki\">https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/wiki\/wiki<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u5b98\u65b9\u8bba\u575b\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.stackexchange.com\">https:\/\/ethereum.stackexchange.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Solidity \u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/solidity.readthedocs.io\">http:\/\/solidity.readthedocs.io<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Geth \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u7f51\u7ad9\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/geth.ethereum.org\/\">https:\/\/geth.ethereum.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/wiki\/wiki\/White-Paper\">https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/wiki\/wiki\/White-Paper<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u9ec4\u76ae\u4e66\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.github.io\/yellowpaper\/paper.pdf\">https:\/\/ethereum.github.io\/yellowpaper\/paper.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u516c\u94fe\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/etherscan.io\/\">https:\/\/etherscan.io\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u516c\u94fe\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ethstats.net\/\">https:\/\/ethstats.net\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u56fd\u5185\u77e5\u540d\u8bba\u575b\/\u535a\u5ba2\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5df4\u6bd4\u7279\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.8btc.com\/ethereum\">http:\/\/www.8btc.com\/ethereum<\/a><\/li>\n<li>ETHFUNS\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/ethfans.org\/\">http:\/\/ethfans.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u6c6a\u6653\u660e\u4e2a\u4eba\u535a\u5ba2\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/wangxiaoming.com\/\">http:\/\/wangxiaoming.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u574a \u4ee5\u592a\u574a\uff08Ethereum\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5c5e\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[421],"tags":[422],"class_list":["post-1689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blockchain","tag-422"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1689","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1689"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1689\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1689"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1689"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}