{"id":2012,"date":"2023-04-01T12:19:44","date_gmt":"2023-04-01T04:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/?p=2012"},"modified":"2023-04-07T10:37:29","modified_gmt":"2023-04-07T02:37:29","slug":"why-is-kafka-so-fast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.appblog.cn\/index.php\/2023\/04\/01\/why-is-kafka-so-fast\/","title":{"rendered":"Kafka\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u901f\u5ea6\u90a3\u4e48\u5feb\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kafka\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u6216\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u8bfb\u5199\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u6027\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bfb\u5740\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d88\u8017\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0cKafka\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0cKafka\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u652f\u6301\u6bcf\u79d2\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u7684\u5199\u5165\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97Kafka\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u573a\u666f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9488\u5bf9Kafka\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\uff0cApache Kafka\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a\u6bcf\u79d2\u5199\u51652\u767e\u4e07\uff08\u5728\u4e09\u53f0\u5ec9\u4ef7\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\uff09<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48Kafka\u901f\u5ea6\u8fd9\u4e48\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n

Kafka\u4f1a\u628a\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u5199\u5165\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u5199\u5165\u901f\u5ea6Kafka\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165\u548cMMFile\u3002<\/p>\n

\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165<\/h3>\n

\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u5feb\u6162\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u987a\u5e8f\u8bfb\u5199\u6216\u8005\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u5728\u987a\u5e8f\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8bfb\u5199\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u6301\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u786c\u76d8\u662f\u673a\u68b0\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bfb\u5199\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfb\u5740->\u5199\u5165\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5bfb\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u673a\u68b0\u52a8\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u786c\u76d8\u6700\u8ba8\u538c\u968f\u673aI\/O\uff0c\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u987a\u5e8fI\/O\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bfb\u5199\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0cKafka\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u987a\u5e8fI\/O\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e14Linux\u5bf9\u4e8e\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u4f18\u5316\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5305\u62ecread-ahead<\/code>\u548cwrite-behind<\/code>\uff0c\u78c1\u76d8\u7f13\u5b58\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u505a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fJAVA\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5f00\u9500\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u968f\u7740\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u7684\u589e\u591a\uff0cJAVA\u7684GC\u65f6\u95f4\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u987a\u5e8f\u8bfb\u5199\u901f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5185\u5b58\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u5199
\n2\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165JVM\u7684GC\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u5927\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898
\n3\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u51b7\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u78c1\u76d8\u7f13\u5b58\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u7528<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c31\u5c55\u793a\u4e86Kafka\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\uff0c \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2aPartition\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6536\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u540eKafka\u4f1a\u628a\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\uff08\u865a\u6846\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"Kafka\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u5230Partition\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\"<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9677\u2014\u2014\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Kafka\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff08Consumer\uff09\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2aTopic\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aoffset\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u51e0\u6761\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Consumer\u901a\u8fc7offset\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\"<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165Consumer1\u6709\u4e24\u4e2aoffset\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94Partition0\u3001Partition1\uff08\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2aTopic\u4e00\u4e2aPartition\uff09
\n2\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165Consumer2\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aoffset\u5bf9\u5e94Partition2<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2aoffset\u662f\u7531\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefSDK\u8d1f\u8d23\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\uff0cKafka\u7684Broker\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0bSDK\u4f1a\u628a\u5b83\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230Zookeeper\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u7ed9Consumer\u63d0\u4f9bzookeeper\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u786c\u76d8\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u88ab\u6491\u6ee1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Kakfa\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4
\n2\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165\u4e8c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8epartition\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n

Memory Mapped Files<\/h3>\n

\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u5165\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ffd\u4e0a\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u6240\u4ee5Kafka\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u5199\u5165\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u5b83\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u9875\u5b58\u50a8\u6765\u5229\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u63d0\u9ad8I\/O\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

Memory Mapped Files(\u540e\u9762\u7b80\u79f0mmap)\u4e5f\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210 \u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u572864\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a20G\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5229\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684Page\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b8c\u6210\u6620\u5c04\u4e4b\u540e\u4f60\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u88ab\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7mmap\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u50cf\u8bfb\u5199\u786c\u76d8\u4e00\u6837\u8bfb\u5199\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5185\u5b58\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5173\u5fc3\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u515c\u5e95\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5f88\u5927\u7684I\/O\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u7684read\u4f1a\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5148\u653e\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u590d\u5236\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u5199\u5230mmap\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5199\u5230\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3b\u52a8\u8c03\u7528flush\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u628a\u6570\u636e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5199\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n

Kafka\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u2014\u2014producer.type<\/code>\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8flush\uff0c\u5982\u679cKafka\u5199\u5165\u5230mmap\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u7acb\u5373flush\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fd4\u56deProducer\u53eb \u540c\u6b65 (sync)\uff1b\u5199\u5165mmap\u4e4b\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56deProducer\u4e0d\u8c03\u7528flush\u53eb\u5f02\u6b65 (async)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n

Kafka\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u78c1\u76d8\u65f6\u505a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f18\u5316\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8esendfile\u5b9e\u73b0Zero Copy<\/h3>\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u7ec6\u8282\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u57fa\u4e8esendfile<\/code>\u5b9e\u73b0Zero Copy\u8c03\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u88abcopy\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533a
\n2\u3001read\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533acopy\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7f13\u51b2\u533a
\n3\u3001write\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u7f13\u51b2\u533acopy\u5230\u5185\u6838\u4e0esocket\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a
\n4\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4ecesocket\u7f13\u51b2\u533acopy\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u5f15\u64ce<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ec6\u8282\u662f\u4f20\u7edfread\/write<\/code>\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u56db\u6b21copy\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u786c\u76d8\u2014>\u5185\u6838buf\u2014>\u7528\u6237buf\u2014>socket\u76f8\u5173\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u2014>\u534f\u8bae\u5f15\u64ce<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u800csendfile<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee5\u4e0a\u591a\u6b21copy\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c2.1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86sendfile\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002sendfile\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u8fd8\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
sendfile(socket, file, len);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
1\u3001sendfile\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u88abcopy\u81f3\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533a
\n2\u3001\u518d\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533acopy\u81f3\u5185\u6838\u4e2dsocket\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a
\n3\u3001\u6700\u540e\u518dsocket\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533acopy\u5230\u534f\u8bae\u5f15\u64ce<\/p>\n
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Kafka\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9700\u8981\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u5019Kafka\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u914d\u5408mmap\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u5b83\u4f20\u7ed9sendfile\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6279\u91cf\u538b\u7f29<\/h3>\n
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1\u3001\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Kafka\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6279\u91cf\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u4e00\u8d77\u538b\u7f29\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u538b\u7f29
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\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
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